The Elie Wiesel Living Archive

at The 92nd Street Y, New York. Supported by The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity

In the Talmud: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Hananiah

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Hananiah: Celebrating the Miracles of the Everyday

Oct 13, 1988

Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Eliezer differed on every conceivable issue yet their friendship from childhood guaranteed esteem. So why in the case of Aknai’s oven did Rabbi Yehoshua initiate or at least support such harsh censure of Rabbi Eliezer? Rabbi Yehoshua, ugly and poor, was nevertheless was one of Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakai’s devoted students. Having witnessed the destruction of Jerusalem he lobbied for limits on mourning in order that everyone could bear it and that mourning wouldn’t interfere with living. Indeed, his general outlook was one of moderation. His uncharacteristic harshness toward Rabbi Eliezer in the case of the oven came to the fore because he saw that Rabbi Eliezer’s reliance on miracles threatened to undermine rational study of the Torah and would thereby imperil the survival of the Jewish people. After Rabbi Eliezer’s passing his friend Rabbi Yehoshua returned to him the credit that had been taken away. In truth, Rabbi Yehoshua too celebrated miracles--but those of the everyday.

Selected Quotes:
Subthemes:
1) The Argument with Rabbi Eliezer Over the Akhnai Oven: A Story of Discord
2) The Excommunication of Rabbi Eliezer: Wasn’t the Punishment Too Harsh?
3) The Close Relationship of Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua
4) Who Was Rabbi Yehoshua? a. Studying Maaseh Merkavah b. VIP in the Community c. A Poor Man All His Life, Close to the Working Class d. Knowledge of Secular Subjects and a Sense of Humor e. Festival of Sukkot Water-Drawing Ceremony f. A Physically Unattractive Man
5) The Context: Facing Roman Oppression a. Judea Under King Herod and the Demoralization in Society b. the Jewish Influences on Roman Rulers c. the Sanhedrin’s Prestige d. The Influence of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai and the Academy in Yavneh
6) R. Yehoshua: Dealing with the Destruction of the Temple a. Limitations on Mourning b. Understanding What Damages the World c. An International Diplomat d. A Patient and Understanding Sage e. The Humiliation of R. Yehoshua by Rabban Gamaliel
7) The Character of R. Yehoshua a. Refusing to Break with Jewish Continuity b. Debating the Maariv Prayer c. Disagreed with R. Eliezer on Every Issue d. Returning Credit to R. Eliezer Posthumously e. The Importance of Study over Miracles f. His Belief in Miracles of the Everyday
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